There were no significant baseline differences between intervention and control women, in either sociodemographic or primary or secondary outcome measures. Research ethics boards at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama in Guatemala approved the study. Community leaders and the Ministry of Health also granted permission. Circle leaders recruited and obtained informed consent of all participants.
This meant that monitoring findings are seen as reliable with Indigenous communities, as well as with other stakeholders. ALIANMISAR volunteers brought Guatemalan indigenous women a range of individual skills and experience, including working within the health system as community facilitators, midwives, and health promoters.
- Definitely the participation of women throughout the long history of Guatemala is undeniable.
- The second study focused on coffee farms managed by women, and the improvement of internal control systems at the farm level.
- One difference in migratory patterns exits between ladino Guatemalans, those whose blood lines can be traced back to Spain, and indigenous Maya, like Marvin and his family.
- We do not provide comparisons with other studies because we consider that sociocultural contexts would be so different that it makes this exercise redundant and impossible to reach conclusions.
Guatemala’s ancient Mayan civilization reached its splendor between the years 250 and 900. Today, Indigenous and Black women in Guatemala have been more visible while gaining more ground.
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The foremen were rough and would make the women use the plough by themselves if they left some cotton behind. The indigenous workers were treated even worse than other workers. Indigenous workers were forced to weigh their cotton on a different scale, undoubtedly to pay them less. The indigenous workers came with their whole families to work wives and children. The children were only five years old when they began to pick cotton. Yet, there are efforts being made to protect women’s rights in Guatemala. Over half the population of indigenous girls and boys suffer from chronic undernourishment.
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Marvin said that “many people who are in my same position decide to leave everything as it is and not seek justice because of how frustrating and expensive the process can be”. Neither Marvin, nor other male migrants, are responsible for the victimisation of their wives and children in Guatemala. However, there remains value in exploring why so many women experience a perceived increase in vulnerability due to migration. These explorations can contribute to our understanding of the root causes of gender-based and interfamilial violence in Guatemala and elsewhere.
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As in other studies , our leaders received focused training and ongoing supervision. They shared mothers’ sociocultural context and already held their community’s trust and support, allowing them to access mothers and take on their new role with relative ease and increasing the intervention’s cultural safety and acceptability. The impact that participating in the intervention had on the circle leaders’ own wellbeing validates using a cascade approach for its delivery and speaks to the need for also addressing community-based health professionals’ psychosocial health needs. This pilot demonstrated acceptability and feasibility of intervention co-design by local women, in a historically excluded population rarely consulted in decision-making processes relating to their own health.
In terms of other sectors, the collaboration means that the local field officers of the ombudsman accompany ALIANMISAR monitors and can cover a wider geographical area in monitoring the right to health because the number of areas monitored is greater than they would cover alone. Furthermore, monitors from the ombudsman’s office may not speak the language of the region where they work, so collaboration with women who speak the local language helps them to reach service users more effectively. However, monitoring of health services by ALIANMISAR relies on Indigenous women working as volunteers. Reliance on volunteers was identified by some stakeholders as affecting the sustainability of ALIANMISAR, as volunteers often leave to take up paid employment. Some volunteers, however, noted that the training not only equipped them to undertake monitoring but also built skills that they could use to obtain and/or retain employment. They thought it wasn’t normal for me to be worried about such things. To them, it was irrational for me to be sad at seeing a beggar or kids who sleep on the streets covered with news- papers or drunkardslying on the streets.
